General Information of This Peptide-drug Conjugate (PDC)
PDC ID
PDC_02064
PDC Name
LTP-1
PDC Status
Investigative
Indication
In total 1 Indication(s)
Solid tumor
Structure
Peptide Name
TTP-CPP
 Peptide Info 
Drug Name
Paclitaxel
 Drug Info 
Therapeutic Target
Microtubule (MT)
 Target Info 
Linker Name
Disulfide bond
 Linker Info 
Peptide Modified Type
Amino acid modifications
Modified Segment
Incorporation of unnatural amino acids
Ternimal Modification
N-terminus
Formula
C195H269N39O46S2
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 4 Molecular Weight 3959.658
Lipid-water partition coefficient (xlogp) 0.4023
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 39
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 53
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 114
Full List of Activity Data of This Peptide-drug Conjugate
Discovered Using Cell Line-derived Xenograft Model
Click To Hide/Show 4 Activity Data Related to This Level
Experiment 1 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Tumor growth inhibition value (TGI)
67.10%
Administration Time Every two days for 2 weeks
Administration Dosage 8 μmol/kg
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

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Description
At the dose of 8 μmol/kg, LTP-1 decreased the tumor volume and tumor weight by 77.2% and 67.1%.
In Vivo Model MCF-7 xenograft mice.
Experiment 2 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Tumor growth inhibition value (TGI)
77.20%
Administration Time Every two days for 2 weeks
Administration Dosage 8 μmol/kg
Evaluation Method Tumor volume detection
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
At the dose of 8 μmol/kg, LTP-1 decreased the tumor volume and tumor weight by 77.2% and 67.1%.
In Vivo Model MCF-7 xenograft mice.
Experiment 3 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Tumor growth inhibition value (TGI)
83.40%
Administration Time Every two days for 2 weeks
Administration Dosage 12 μmol/kg
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
At the dose of 12 μmol/kg, LTP-1 decreased the tumor volume and tumor weight by 90.1% and 83.4%, respectively.
In Vivo Model MCF-7 xenograft mice.
Experiment 4 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Tumor growth inhibition value (TGI)
90.10%
Administration Time Every two days for 2 weeks
Administration Dosage 12 μmol/kg
Evaluation Method Tumor volume detection
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
At the dose of 12 μmol/kg, LTP-1 decreased the tumor volume and tumor weight by 90.1% and 83.4%, respectively.
In Vivo Model MCF-7 xenograft mice.
Revealed Based on the Cell Line Data
Click To Hide/Show 7 Activity Data Related to This Level
Experiment 1 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
3.8 ± 0.3 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

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In Vitro Model Invasive breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell CVCL_0031
Experiment 2 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
5.6 ± 0.2 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

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In Vitro Model Colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell CVCL_0320
Experiment 3 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
8.3 ± 0.5 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

   Click to Show/Hide
In Vitro Model Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma A2780 cell CVCL_0134
Experiment 4 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
20.3 ± 3.3 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

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In Vitro Model Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cell CVCL_0030
Experiment 5 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
66.0 ± 8.3 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

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In Vitro Model Normal HEK293 cell CVCL_0045
Experiment 6 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) > 80.0 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

   Click to Show/Hide
In Vitro Model Normal NCM460 cell CVCL_0460
Experiment 7 Reporting the Activity Data of This PDC [1]
Indication Solid tumor
Efficacy Data Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
800 ± 100 nM
Evaluation Method MTT assay
MOA of PDC
LHRH, also named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an endogenous peptide agonist (primary sequence: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) released from hypothalamus. LHRH-R (LHRH receptor), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is overexpressed in various tumor types, while their expression in the corresponding normal tissues, apart from pituitary cells, is comparatively low. Given this, we chose LHRH as the TTP component of MSCPTP (TTP-CPP peptide). In this investigation, we combined LHRH (as the TTP part), peptide PLGLAG, T2 (as the CPP part) and cysteine (as linker binding site) into an MSCPTP named LT-1. Then PTX was conjugated with LT-1 via a GSH-cleavable module to produce the smart PDC, namely LTP-1 (TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate). In vitro, LTP-1 exhibited selective and stronger cytotoxicity than PTX against LHRH-R-positive tumor cells with little effect on normal cells. In vivo, LTP-1 was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model. Additional experiments on both cellular and molecular levels were carried out to unravel the possible antitumor mechanism of action of LTP-1.

   Click to Show/Hide
Description
LTP-1 exhibited greater anti-proliferative effects (IC50s of 3.8-20.3 nM) than PTX (IC50s of 6.6-28.6 nM) against most cancer cells except Hela, and less cytotoxicity to normal cells (IC50s of >80 nM and 66.0 nM for NCM460 and HEK-293, respectively). Thus, LTP-1 displayed not only enhanced anti-proliferative activity, but also higher selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. It is also worthy of note that LTP-1 showed much higher activity against the paclitaxel-resistant A2780/PTX cells with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, as compared to PTX which is essentially inactive (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Hemolysis assay further testified that LTP-1 presented weak hemolytic activity even at a concentration up to 80 μM (as illustrated in Fig. 4a).

   Click to Show/Hide
In Vitro Model Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma A2780/PTX cell CVCL_C0D6
References
Ref 1 Discovery of novel cell-penetrating and tumor-targeting peptide-drug conjugate (PDC) for programmable delivery of paclitaxel and cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Mar 5;213:113050. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113050. Epub 2020 Nov 27.